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Introduction to Research Methods in Political Science: |
CODEBOOK: U.S. Senate Data (senate.sav)
Members of the U.S. Senate as of the convening of the 113th Congress on January 3, 2013 (N=100).
This file contqains all of the data from the states file (states.sav) (including some state policy and finaacial variables that may be of limited relevance for study of the U.S. Senate), along with data on senate members.
Missing Data: sysmis (all variables)
Variable Name/Variable Label
state: State name (full name)
stateabr: State name (postal code abbreviation)
stcode: State code
region: Region of country
pop2000: Population, July 1., 2000
pop2011: Population, July 1, 2011
white:
Percent of population that is non-Hispanic white
black:
Percent of population that is non-Hispanic African American
latino: Percent of population that is Hispanic
asian: Percent of population that is non-Hispanic Asian American
other: Percent of population that is non-Hispanic of other race
multiple: Percent of population that is non-Hispanic of more than onerace
ownocc: Percent of occupied housing units that are owner occupied
singunit:
Percent of occupied housing units that are single-unit (excluding mobile homes, boata, RVs, etc.)
medianhs: Median value, owner occupied housing
married: Percent of households that include a married couple
femchild: Percent of family households w female householder, with own children under age 18, no husband present
noneng: Percent of population 5 years of age and older for whom the language spoken at home is other than English
natcit: Percent of population that is naturalized U.S. citizen
notcit:
Percent of population that is not U.S. citizen
educpc:
K-12 current spending per capita
educpstu: K-12 current spending per student
educinc: K-12 current spending per $1,000 of personal income
teachers:
Public elementary and secondary school teachers' average salaries ($1,000s)
highsch: Percent of population 25 years and older with a least a high school education
college: Percent of population 25 years and older with a college degree
dropouts: High school dropout rate
pcincome: Per capita income
cost: Cost of living index
poverty: Percent of population below poverty line
unemploy: Percent unemployed
uninsure: Percent without health insurance
adult: Percent of population age 18 or older
elder: Percent of population age 65 or older
infant: Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births
crime: Violent crimes per 100,000 population
fedaid: Federal aid to state and local governments per capita
energy: Energy consumption per capita, millions of BTUs
revpercp: State and local tax revenue per capita
revinc: State and local tax revenue as percent of personal income
toptax: Top marginal effective federal, state and local tax rate on wages
leg: Party control of state legislature
gov: Party control of governorship
pid: Party ID score of state residents (0 = most Democratic possible; 100 = most Republican possible)
ideo: Ideology score of state residents (0 = most liberal possible; 100 = most conservative possible)
policy: State policy score (0 = most conservative state; 100 = most liberal state)
obama12: Votes for Barack Obama in 2012 presidential election
romney12: Votes for Mitt Romney in 2012 presidential election
other12: Votes for other candidates in 2012 presidential election
tout12: Percent of voting eligible population casting votes for president in 2012 general election
name: Member's name
party: Member's party
gender: Member's gender
ethnic: Member's ethnicity
dwnom: Member's DW-NOMINATE score, 2011-2012
acu11: Member's ACU (conservatism) score, 2011
acu12: Member's ACU (conservatism) score, 2012
ada11: Member's ADA (liberalism) score, 2011
ada12: Member's ADA (liberalism) score, 2012
unity11: Member's CQ party unity score, 2011
unity12: Member's CQ party unity score, 2012
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stateabr State Name (2-digit postal abbreviation)
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stcode
State Code (using Bureau of Census regional classifications)
63 Alabama 73
Louisiana 72
Oklahoma
94 Alaska 11
Maine
92 Oregon
87 Arizona 52
Maryland
23 Pennsylvania
71 Arkansas 14
Massachusetts 16 Rhode Island
93 California 34
Michigan
57 South Carolina
86 Colorado 41
Minnesota 45
South Dakota
15 Connecticut 64
Mississippi 62 Tennessee
51 Delaware 43
Missouri
74 Texas
59 Florida 81
Montana
85 Utah
58 Georgia 46
Nebraska
12 Vermont
95 Hawaii 84
Nevada
54 Virginia
82 Idaho
13 New Hampshire 91
Washington
32 Illinois 22 New
Jersey 53 West
Virginia
33 Indiana 88 New
Mexico 31 Wisconsin
42 Iowa
21 New
York 83
Wyoming
47 Kansas 56
North Carolina
61 Kentucky 44 North
Dakota
35 Ohio
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1 Northeast (STCODE: 11-16, 21-23, 51)
2
Midwest (STCODE: 31-35, 41,42,44
3 South (STCODE: 43, 52-54,56-59,61-64,71-74)
4
West (STCODE: 81-88, 91-95)
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pop2000
Estimated Population, July 1, 2000. Source: Bureau of the Census,
“2006 Population Estimates.” http://www.census.gov.
Accessed July 3,
2007.
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pop2011 Estimated Population, 2011.
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white Percent of population that is non-Hispanic white
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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black Percent of population that is non-Hispanic African American
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latino Percent
of population that is Hispanic
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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asian Percent of population that is non-Hispanic Asian American or Pacific Islander
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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native Percent
of population that is non-Hispanic Native American or Alaskan Native
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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other Percent
of population that is non-Hispanic of other race
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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multiple Percent of population that is non-Hispanic of more than one race
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ownocc Percent
of occupied housing units that are owner occupied
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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singunit Percent of all housing that is single-unit (excluding mobile
homes, boats, RVs, etc.)
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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medianhs Median value, owner occupied housing
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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married
Percent of households that include a married couple
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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femchild Percent of family households w female householder, with own children under age 18, no husband present
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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noneng Percent of population 5 years of age and older for whom the language spoken at home is other than English
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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natcit Percent
of population that is naturalized US citizen
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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notcit
Percent of population that is not citizen
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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educpc
K-12 current spending per capita, 2009-2010. Source: Derived from Bureau of the
Census, “Public School Finance Data: Public Elementary–Secondary Education Finance Data.” http://www.census.gov. Population estimates are as of 2009. Accessed November 10, 2012.
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educpstu
K-12 current spending per student, 2009-2010. Source: Bureau of the
Census, “Public School Finance Data: Public Elementary–Secondary Education Finance Data.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed November 10, 2012.
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educinc
K-12 current spending per $1,000 of personal income, 2009-2010. Source: Bureau of the
Census, “Public School Finance Data: Public Elementary–Secondary Education Finance Data.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed November 10, 2012.
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teachers Public elementary
and secondary school teachers’ average salaries, in thousands of $, 2009. Source: Bureau of the
Census, “2012 Statistical Abstract of the United States.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 29, 2012.
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highsch
Percent of population 25 and older with at least a high school education.
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college Percent
of population 25 and older with college degree.
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dropouts High school dropout rate, 2008-2009.
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cost Cost of living index, 2007 (median = 100)
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poverty Percent of population below poverty line
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Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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uninsure Percent without health insurance, 2009.
Source: Bureau of the Census, “Source: Bureau of the Census, “2012 Statistical Abstract of the United States.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed November 8, 2012.
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adult Percent
of population age 18 or older
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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elder Percent
of population age 65 or older
Source: Bureau of the Census, “2011 American Community Survey, 1-year estimates.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 22-24, 2012.
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infant
Infant mortality rate per 1,000 live births, 2006. Source: Bureau of the
Census, “2012 Statistical Abstract of the United States: State Rankings.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 29, 2012.
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crime Violent crimes per 100,000 population, 2009. Source: Bureau of the
Census, “2012 Statistical Abstract of the United States.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 29, 2012.
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fedaid
Federal aid to state and local governments per capita, 2007. Source: Bureau of the
Census, “2012 Statistical Abstract of the United States: State Rankings.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 31, 2012.
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energy Energy consumption per capita, millions of BTUs, 2007. Source: Bureau of the
Census, “2012 Statistical Abstract of the United States: State Rankings.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 29, 2012.
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revpercp State and local tax revenue per capita, 2007-8.
(Population estimates are as of July 1, 2008.) Source: derived from Bureau of the
Census, “2012 Statistical Abstract of the United States.” http://www.census.gov. Accessed October 29, 2012.
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revinc
State and local tax revenue as a percent of personal income, 2007-2008.
Sources: derived from Bureau of the
Census, “2012 Statistical Abstract of the United States.” http://www.census.gov; Bureau of Economic Analysis, "Regional Economic Accounts." http://www.bea.gov. Accessed October 29, 2012.
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toptax
Top marginal effective federal, state, and local tax rate on wages, 2012.
Source: Gerald T. Prante and Austin John, "Top Marginal Effective Tax Rates by State and by Source of Income, 2012 Tax Law vs. 2013 Scheduled Tax Law."
(November 15, 2012). http://ssrn.com/abstract=2176526 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2176526. Accessed December 17, 2012. leg Party control of state legislature after Nov. 6, 2012 elections Source: National Conference of State Legislatures, "2012 Live Election Night Coverage of State Legislative Races," http://www.ncsl.org Accessed November 10, 2012.
1. Democrat
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2. Republican
3. Split
4. Nonpartisan (Nebraska)
gov Party control of governorship after Nov. 6, 2012 elections Source: National Conference of State Legislatures, "2012 Live Election Night Results: Governors," http://www.ncsl.org Accessed November 10, 2012.
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pid Party identification score of state residents, 1999-2003. Scores are weighted by number of
respondents in the state surveyed in each year. Source: Derived from analysis
of CBS/New York Times polls by Gerald C. Wright et al. http://php.indiana.edu/~wright1/.
Accessed July 3, 2007. The measure used here has been scaled so that a (hypothetical) state with no self-identified Republicans would have a score of 0 and a (hypothetical) state with no self-identified Democrats would have a score of 100.
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ideo Ideology score of state residents, 1999-2003, where 0 = most liberal possible,
and 100 = most conservative possible. Scores are weighted by number of respondents in the
state surveyed in each year. Source: Derived from analysis of CBS/New York
Times polls by Gerald C. Wright et al.
http://php.indiana.edu/~wright1/.
Accessed July 3, 2007. The measure used here has been scaled so that a (hypothetical) state with no self-identified conservatives would have a score of 0 and a (hypothetical) state with no self-identified liberalswould have a score of 100.
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policy State policy score (2008). A composite measure of policy liberalism based on various state policies. Source: Derived from Jason Sorens and William P. Ruger, "State and Local Public Policies in the United States." http://www.statepolicyindex.com/. The original measure is described in Jason Sorens, Fait Muedini, and William P. Ruger (2008). “U.S. State and Local Public Policies in 2006: A New Database.” State Politics and Policy Quarterly 8 (3): 309-26(available through JStor). The measure used here has been scaled so that 0 = the state with the most conservative policies and 100 = the state with the most liberal policies.
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obama12 Votes for Barack Obama in 2012 presidential election. Source: Wikipedia, "United States Presidential Election, 2012" (preliminary results). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_2012 Accessed November 13, 2012.
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romney12 Votes for Mitt Romney in 2012 presidential election. Source: Wikipedia, "United States Presidential Election, 2012" (preliminary results). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_2012 Accessed November 13, 2012.
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other12 Votes for other candidates in 2012 presidential election. Source: Wikipedia, "United States Presidential Election, 2012" (preliminary results). http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_States_presidential_election_2012 Accessed November 13, 2012.
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tout12
Percent of voting eligible population (citizens of voting age who have not lost the right to vote due to crime or mental incapacity) casting votes for president in 2012 general election. Source: Michael P. McDonald. "2012 General Election Turnout Rates." (updated March 25, 2013) United States Elections Project. http://elections.gmu.edu/Turnout_2012G.html. Accessed April 29, 2013.
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1 Democrat
2
Republican
3
Independent
Note: Sanders (Vermont) and King (Maine) were elected as independents, and are coded as such, but caucus with the Democrats.
1 Male
2 Female
1 Non-Hispanic White
2
African American
3 Latino
4 Asian and Pacific Islander
5 Native American
dwnom DW-NOMINATE score, first principle component, 112th Congress (2011-2012). With rare exceptions, scores vary from +1 (most conservative) to -1 (most liberal). Source: Royce Carroll, et al., “DW-NOMINATE Scores the Bootstrapped Standard Errors,” VoteView. http://voteview.com/. Accessed February 24, 2013.
-9 (Missing Data): Not yet a member of the senate or did not cast enough votes to be rated. Schatz (D, HI) did not participate in enough votes to be rated.
acu11 American Conservative Union rating (2011). Source: “ACU Ratings of Congress,” http://www.acuratings.org/ Accessed March 20, 2013.
-9 (Missing Data): Not yet a member of the senate or did not cast enough votes to be rated.
acu12 American Conservative Union rating (2012). Source: “ACU Ratings of Congress,” http://www.acuratings.org/ Accessed March 20, 2013.
-9 (Missing Data): Not yet a member of the senate or did not cast enough votes to be rated. Kirk (R, IL) suffered a stroke in January 2012 and did not participate in roll calls that year. Schatz (D, HI) did not participate in enough votes in 2012 to be rated.
ada11 Americans for Democratic Action rating (2011). Source: “2011 Congressional Voting Record Inside,” http://www.adaction.org/pages/publications/voting-records.php. Accessed April 29, 2013.
-9 (Missing Data): Not yet a member of the senate or did not cast enough votes to be rated. Heller (R, NV) was sworn in on May 9, 2011, and did not participate in enough votes to be rated that year by the ADA.
ada12 Americans for Democratic Action rating (2012). Source: “2012 Congressional Voting Record,” http://www.adaction.org/media/2012%20ADA%20Voting%20Record%20FINAL.pdf. Accessed May 15, 2013.
-9 (Missing Data): Not yet a member of the senate or did not cast enough votes to be rated. Kirk (R, IL) suffered a stroke in January 2012 and did not participate in roll calls that year. Schatz (D, HI) did not participate in enough votes in 2012 to be rated.
unity11 Congressional Quarterly party unity score (2011):
percent voting with own party when majority of Democrats oppose majority of
Republicans. Source: Congressional Quarterly Weekly (January 16, 2012): 119.
-9 (Missing Data): Not yet a member of the senate or did not cast enough votes to be rated.
Note: Sanders (I, Vermont) is treated as a Democrat for purposes of this variable.
unity12 Congressional Quarterly party unity score (2012): percent voting with own party when majority of Democrats oppose majority of Republicans. Source: Congressional Quarterly Weekly (January 21, 2013): 139.
Note: Sanders (I, Vermont) is treated as a Democrat for purposes of this variable.
Last updated
May 15, 2013 .
© 2003---2013 John L. Korey. Licensed under a 
Creative Commons Attribution-Noncommercial-Share Alike 3.0 Unported License.